BIND 9 Administrator Reference Manual

Table of Contents

1. Introduction

Scope of Document

Organization of This Document

Conventions Used in This Document

The Domain Name System (DNS)

DNS Fundamentals

Domains and Domain Names

Zones

Authoritative Name Servers

Caching Name Servers

Name Servers in Multiple Roles

2. BIND Resource Requirements

Hardware requirements

CPU Requirements

Memory Requirements

Name Server Intensive Environment Issues

Supported Operating Systems

3. Name Server Configuration

Sample Configurations

A Caching-only Name Server

An Authoritative-only Name Server

Load Balancing

Name Server Operations

Tools for Use With the Name Server Daemon

Signals

4. Advanced DNS Features

Notify

Dynamic Update

The journal file

Incremental Zone Transfers (IXFR)

Split DNS

Example split DNS setup

TSIG

Generate Shared Keys for Each Pair of Hosts

Copying the Shared Secret to Both Machines

Informing the Servers of the Key's Existence

Instructing the Server to Use the Key

TSIG Key Based Access Control

Errors

TKEY

SIG(0)

DNSSEC

Generating Keys

Signing the Zone

Configuring Servers

DNSSEC, Dynamic Zones, and Automatic Signing

Converting from insecure to secure

Dynamic DNS update method

Fully automatic zone signing

Private-type records

DNSKEY rollovers

Dynamic DNS update method

Automatic key rollovers

NSEC3PARAM rollovers via UPDATE

Converting from NSEC to NSEC3

Converting from NSEC3 to NSEC

Converting from secure to insecure

Periodic re-signing

NSEC3 and OPTOUT

Dynamic Trust Anchor Management

Validating Resolver

Authoritative Server

PKCS#11 (Cryptoki) support

Prerequisites

Native PKCS#11

OpenSSL-based PKCS#11

PKCS#11 Tools

Using the HSM

Specifying the engine on the command line

Running named with automatic zone re-signing

DLZ (Dynamically Loadable Zones)

Configuring DLZ

Sample DLZ Driver

IPv6 Support in BIND 9

Address Lookups Using AAAA Records

Address to Name Lookups Using Nibble Format

5. The BIND 9 Lightweight Resolver

The Lightweight Resolver Library

Running a Resolver Daemon

6. BIND 9 Configuration Reference

Configuration File Elements

Address Match Lists

Comment Syntax

Configuration File Grammar

acl Statement Grammar

acl Statement Definition and Usage

controls Statement Grammar

controls Statement Definition and Usage

include Statement Grammar

include Statement Definition and Usage

key Statement Grammar

key Statement Definition and Usage

logging Statement Grammar

logging Statement Definition and Usage

lwres Statement Grammar

lwres Statement Definition and Usage

masters Statement Grammar

masters Statement Definition and Usage

options Statement Grammar

options Statement Definition and Usage

server Statement Grammar

server Statement Definition and Usage

statistics-channels Statement Grammar

statistics-channels Statement Definition and Usage

trusted-keys Statement Grammar

trusted-keys Statement Definition and Usage

managed-keys Statement Grammar

managed-keys Statement Definition and Usage

view Statement Grammar

view Statement Definition and Usage

zone Statement Grammar

zone Statement Definition and Usage

Zone File

Types of Resource Records and When to Use Them

Discussion of MX Records

Setting TTLs

Inverse Mapping in IPv4

Other Zone File Directives

BIND Master File Extension: the $GENERATE Directive

Additional File Formats

BIND9 Statistics

Statistics Counters

7. BIND 9 Security Considerations

Access Control Lists

Chroot and Setuid

The chroot Environment

Using the setuid Function

Dynamic Update Security

8. Troubleshooting

Common Problems

It's not working; how can I figure out what's wrong?

Incrementing and Changing the Serial Number

Where Can I Get Help?

A. Appendices

Acknowledgments

A Brief History of the DNS and BIND

General DNS Reference Information

IPv6 addresses (AAAA)

Bibliography (and Suggested Reading)

Request for Comments (RFCs)

Internet Drafts

Other Documents About BIND

BIND 9 DNS Library Support

Prerequisite

Compilation

Installation

Known Defects/Restrictions

The dns.conf File

Sample Applications

Library References

I. Manual pages

dig — DNS lookup utility

host — DNS lookup utility

delv — DNS lookup and validation utility

dnssec-checkds — A DNSSEC delegation consistency checking tool.

dnssec-coverage — checks future DNSKEY coverage for a zone

dnssec-dsfromkey — DNSSEC DS RR generation tool

dnssec-importkey — Import DNSKEY records from external systems so they can be managed.

dnssec-keyfromlabel — DNSSEC key generation tool

dnssec-keygen — DNSSEC key generation tool

dnssec-revoke — Set the REVOKED bit on a DNSSEC key

dnssec-settime — Set the key timing metadata for a DNSSEC key

dnssec-signzone — DNSSEC zone signing tool

dnssec-verify — DNSSEC zone verification tool

named-checkconf — named configuration file syntax checking tool

named-checkzone — zone file validity checking or converting tool

named — Internet domain name server

named-journalprint — print zone journal in human-readable form

named-rrchecker — A syntax checker for individual DNS resource records

nsupdate — Dynamic DNS update utility

rndc — name server control utility

rndc.conf — rndc configuration file

rndc-confgen — rndc key generation tool

ddns-confgen — ddns key generation tool

arpaname — translate IP addresses to the corresponding ARPA names

genrandom — generate a file containing random data

isc-hmac-fixup — fixes HMAC keys generated by older versions of BIND

nsec3hash — generate NSEC3 hash